From Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 2: Edible fruits and nuts, PROSEA Foundation
by P. C. M. Jansen, J. Jukema, L. P. A. Oyen, T. G. van Lingen
Taxon
Solanum quitoense Lam.
Family
SOLANACEAE
Vernacular Names
Naranjilla (En). Morelle de Quito (Fr). Indonesia: terong kuning (Malay).
Distribution
Native of
the the Andean highlands of Ecuador, Peru and Colombia, now it has been
introduced into most tropical and subtropical regions of the world as a
fruit crop. In South-East Asia mainly in Indonesia and the Philippines.
Uses
After removing the hairs, the
fruits are consumed fresh or prepared. An excellent juice is prepared
from the pulp. The fruits are also used for flavouring ice-cream, and
for jelly, jam, preserves and cooked desserts.
Observations
A
semi-herbaceous shrub, up to 3 m tall. All young parts covered with
stellate purplish hairs. Leaves elliptical to ovate, up to 60 cm x 45
cm, succulent, margins toothed. Flowers white, in clusters of 1—10.
Fruit a berry, 1—6 per cluster, globose, 5—6 cm in diameter, orange,
covered with brown hairs, filled with numerous small seeds. Propagation
is by seeds or by cleft grafting on nematode- resistant species. Field
spacing is 2—2.5 m x 2—2.5 m, preferably on fertile well-drained soils.
Fruiting starts 1 year after sowing and plants are harvested 2 years.
Yield is 1—2 t fruits/year per ha. In Ecuador cutivated at 1300—2300 m
altitude. Rainfall 1500 mm per year or more, optimum temperature range
17—19°C, 30°C is the upper limit.
Selected Sources
Backer, C.A. & Bakhuizen van den Brink, R.C., 1963–1968. Flora of Java. 3 Volumes. Noordhoff, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Fouqué, A., 1972–1974. Espèces fruitières d'Amérique tropicale. Fruits 27–29.
Heiser, C.B. Jr., 1969. Nightshades, the paradoxical plants. Freeman & Company, San Francisco. 200 pp.
Mansfeld,
R. & Schultze-Motel, J., 1986. Verzeichnis landwirtschaftlicher und
gärtnerischer Kuturpflanzen. 2nd ed. 4 Volumes. Springer Verlag,
Berlin. 1998 pp.
Morton, J.F., 1987. Fruits of warm climates. Creative Resource Systems Inc., Winterville, N.C., USA. 503 pp.
Ochse, J.J., 1927. Indische vruchten [Indonesian fruits]. Volkslectuur, Weltevreden. 330 pp.
Ochse,
J.J., Soule, M.J., Dijkman, M.J. & Wehlburg, C., 1961. Tropical and
subtropical agriculture. 2 Volumes. The Macmillan Company, New York.
1446 pp.
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Bibliography
Jansen, P. C. M. "Solanum quitoense Lamk." Edible fruits and nuts,
Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 2, Edited by Verheij, E.W.M. and
Coronel, R.E., PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia, record 1789,1991, PROSEA, (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0), www.prota4u.org/prosea/view.aspx?id=1789. Accessed 18 Nov. 2020.
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